Mr. Shay Cody:

Some of the allowances predate the State and are an intrinsic part of the way the remuneration was built up. In the past there was a reluctance on the part of management at times to promote people or regrade them. This may have been on the grounds that it would give rise to repercussions, while in other cases people may not have accepted duties that were above their grade but did not take them onto the next step of the ladder. Often an allowance was a recognition of an additional duty in cases in which a promotion to the next grade was probably too much. Many allowances were created through that process, either in negotiations across the table, through third-party adjudication or arbitration, or through the Labour Court.