Senator Joan Fraser:

Yes, and up comes the oil. Data suggests that the Canadian sand oils' average life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions are about 10% above the European average baseline but they are far from the worst in the world. They are significantly lower than Middle East heavy oil, Californian heavy oil and Venezuelan partial upgrade oil, for example. There are numerous sources of oil that have a greater life-cycle greenhouse gas emission rate than our sand oils do. That is another reason we find it very strange that our sand oils were singled out and put in a category all by themselves under the European fuel quality directive. It seems to us like a double standard.