Mr. David Miles:

We ask for a birth date on sign-up and, clearly, you have to be 13 or over to be on Facebook and Instagram. We use artificial intelligence – what are called age classifiers.

They are incredibly effective at monitoring the first few months of a young person's activity. We also default them into a private default position where they are limited in terms of the amount of messaging they can do and the people they can follow. That sensitivity or private by default position means certain things are not available to other people and so they are in that restricted default position.

What we find in those first few months, for example, is that if a child is ten and somebody posts something saying "happy 10th birthday" but they say they are 13, we will quickly spot that, and we take a lot of content down. Artificial intelligence has allowed us to do that at scale in recent years. The technology was not there a few years ago, so we are very encouraged by that.

We are also the first company to roll out globally age estimation for those under 18 who want to change their age. What is really interesting is that we used a technology from a UK company called Yoti that age estimates effectively by having people do a video selfie. A total of 90% of the young people who tried to change their age and used age estimation stayed on the platform and proved to be an authentic user. It really stopped them from trying to change their age part-way through that 13 to 18 years journey. It is those kind of things that are very important.

The other really important thing is we are really about trying to deliver age-appropriate content for 13-, 14- and 15-year-olds. A 13-year-old is a very different person from a 16-year-old. If we can get the age verification right in the way that Mr. Ó Broin talked about in terms of industry standards, and in fairness France and the UK have tried to implement the age verification of pornography and both of them have actually stopped doing that, so it is a complex issue, we think that in terms of the delivery of age-modelled, age-appropriate content, that will make the user experience a lot better and it will mean regulators can be satisfied we are delivering age-appropriate content to authentic users, which is very important.