Dr. Kris Shrishak:

It is great that Deputy Costello has mentioned enforcement. Many of the regulations are coming from the EU but much of the enforcement must happen in member states such as Ireland. We know the issues with GDPR enforcement but perhaps this will change given the changes in the DPC. There is also an opportunity to set up a fantastic enforcement body and regulator for AI. This could start early through recruiting great technical and legal people. They will be very important. This would set the tone for the rest of the EU. This is something that can be done and I emphasise this.

I would like to touch on what Professor O'Sullivan mentioned. When it comes to business models there are other tools we can use, such as competition. Competition in the marketplace may not be something that Ireland has to take up and it could be done at EU level. In some cases the European Commission has to intervene in the AI marketplace and this is another tool because it touches on some of the business models. It may not be directly relevant but it is certainly indirectly relevant.