Mr. Joseph Moore:

We have previously answered parliamentary questions in this regard. The information that is available on the European Commission's database indicates that there are a limited number of engagements by Irish universities in consortia that also have Israeli participation. We have to be clear about how many of the activities under the framework programme, and particularly under Pillar 2, which involves groups of researchers coming together to undertake research in a specific area. Sometimes, these consortia are quite large. There could be up to 20 or 30 different universities participating in them. From a review of the awards that have been made where there are both Irish and Israeli universities, they are part of a consortium.