Malcolm Byrne (Wicklow-Wexford, Fianna Fail)
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1. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders’ meeting or Council. [12965/26]

Naoise Ó Cearúil (Kildare North, Fianna Fail)
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2. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders’ meeting or Council. [12978/26]

Shay Brennan (Dublin Rathdown, Fianna Fail)
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3. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders’ meeting or Council. [12979/26]

Richard Boyd Barrett (Dún Laoghaire, People Before Profit Alliance)
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4. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the recent EU Council meeting. [22415/26]

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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5. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the recent EU Council meeting. [22418/26]

Richard Boyd Barrett (Dún Laoghaire, People Before Profit Alliance)
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6. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the informal meeting of EU member state leaders in Cyprus on 23 April 2026. [31137/26]

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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7. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the informal meeting of EU member state leaders in Cyprus on 23 April 2026. [31144/26]

Ruairí Ó Murchú (Louth, Sinn Fein)
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8. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders’ meeting or Council. [34545/26]

Liam Quaide (Cork East, Social Democrats)
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9. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the recent EU Council meeting. [41807/26]

Duncan Smith (Dublin Fingal East, Labour)
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10. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU Council meeting. [42082/26]

Mark Ward (Dublin Mid West, Sinn Fein)
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11. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders’ meeting or Council. [43625/26]

Liam Quaide (Cork East, Social Democrats)
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12. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the recent EU Council meeting. [44844/26]

Johnny Guirke (Meath West, Sinn Fein)
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13. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU Leaders’ meeting or council. [44964/26]

Peadar Tóibín (Meath West, Aontú)
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14. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders’ meeting or Council. [45026/26]

Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West, Solidarity)
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15. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the recent EU Council meeting. [45028/26]

Roderic O'Gorman (Dublin West, Green Party)
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16. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders’ meeting or Council. [45326/26]

Mary Lou McDonald (Dublin Central, Sinn Fein)
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17. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the recent EU Council meeting. [45328/26]

Darren O'Rourke (Meath East, Sinn Fein)
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19. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders' meeting or Council. [45453/26]

Duncan Smith (Dublin Fingal East, Labour)
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20. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU Council meeting. [45468/26]

Rose Conway-Walsh (Mayo, Sinn Fein)
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21. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU Leaders’ meeting or council. [45616/26]

Conor McGuinness (Waterford, Sinn Fein)
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22. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU Leaders’ meeting or council. [45620/26]

Paul Lawless (Mayo, Aontú)
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23. To ask the Taoiseach if he will report on his attendance at the most recent EU leaders' meeting. [45639/26]

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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I propose to take Questions Nos. 1 to 23, inclusive, together.

I joined leaders in Cyprus for an informal meeting of the European Council on 23 and 24 April. The main focus of this meeting was to discuss the geopolitical situation including in the Middle East and Ukraine, and to discuss the next multi-annual financial framework for 2028 to 2034, which is essentially the next European Union budget. At the meeting we had an important exchange with Ukrainian President Zelenskyy, who attended in person. We reaffirmed our steadfast support for Ukraine and agreed on the need to increase pressure on Russia to ends its war and engage in meaningful peace negotiations. We welcomed the two recent decisions to strengthen Ukraine and increase pressure on Russia, first the €90 billion loan to support Ukraine's overall budget and defence needs in 2026 and 2027, and the 20th package of sanctions to weaken Russia's war machine.

On the Middle East, leaders welcomed recent ceasefires in Iran and Lebanon and urged all parties to engage in good faith to achieve peace. We expressed our support for diplomatic efforts to achieve a negotiated solution to the conflict. In response to the impact that the conflict in the Middle East is having on energy prices, President Costa also underlined the importance of co-ordination and stressed that the European Union must speed up its energy transition and accelerate the deployment of homegrown clean energy sources to ensure energy security. Affordability of energy for households and businesses and its centrality to Europe's competitiveness were also discussed. Leaders also considered the European Union's next multi-annual budget, or multi-annual financial framework, MFF. Leaders will return to this discussion at our next meeting of the European Council in Brussels on 18 and 19 June next. This discussion will be based on an updated proposal with figures, the so-called negotiating box, prepared by the Cypriot Presidency. We will work with President Costa during our upcoming Presidency of the European Union with a view to securing agreement by the end of the year if at all possible.

Leaders also returned to our discussions on Europe’s competitiveness. On the margins of the meeting, the President of the Republic of Cyprus, as the rotating President of the Council of the European Union, and the Presidents of the European Parliament and the European Commission signed an agreement on the implementation of the "One Europe, One Market" roadmap, delivery of which will be a central focus of our European Union Presidency. Leaders also held a number of exchanges, including the usual engagement with European Parliament President Roberta Metsola and a working lunch with the leaders of Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and the Gulf Cooperation Council, where we discussed shared challenges and emerging opportunities for co-operation. In the lead-up to Ireland assuming the Presidency of the Council of the European Union on 1 July, I have been visiting my counterparts in European capitals to hear their views on key files and priorities. This has included visits to, among other countries, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, France, Italy and, most recently, Hungary.

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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There were 23 questions, and while not all the Deputies are present, most are. I propose that Deputies have 30 seconds each, with a minute for the Members who tabled two questions. I will inform them who they are.

Malcolm Byrne (Wicklow-Wexford, Fianna Fail)
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I wish the Taoiseach well during the time of the Presidency of the EU Council. When I submitted a parliamentary question to the Department of enterprise on a domestic issue, where I did not get a satisfactory response, the Department said that was due to competing work priorities, including the upcoming Presidency of the European Union. Given that in response to other parliamentary questions, 300 additional staff have been hired across all Departments for the EU Presidency, how can we ensure that the focus of the Government remains on domestic issues?

Naoise Ó Cearúil (Kildare North, Fianna Fail)
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I believe that the Taoiseach will have the next meeting of EU leaders next week. What will be on the agenda next week? Will the leaders be discussing the suspension of the EU-Israel trade agreement?

Shay Brennan (Dublin Rathdown, Fianna Fail)
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Ireland takes the chair of the 2028-2034 MFF negotiations in July. This is a pivotal period in these complex and highly consequential negotiations. Delivering a finalised agreement within our term would be of significant reputational benefit for Ireland. Will the Taoiseach give an assessment of the prospects for achieving that and outline what he sees as the key pitfalls and opportunities for Ireland in holding the chair at this pivotal moment?

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Deputy Boyd Barrett has one minute for his two questions.

Richard Boyd Barrett (Dún Laoghaire, People Before Profit Alliance)
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I am involved with a coalition of Palestine advocacy groups, anti-war groups and others who are planning protests around the forthcoming EU Presidency, particularly around the shameful, inexcusable complicity of the European Union as an institution and as individual states with Israel's ongoing genocidal crimes against the Palestinian people. Would people not be right to protest? Can the Taoiseach explain how it is in any way acceptable that any states across Europe, including our State, continue to do business, trade and in some cases are involved in arms going to Israel? As we know, €20 million worth of dual-use exports from this country went to the IDF.

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Thank you, Deputy. Your time is up.

Richard Boyd Barrett (Dún Laoghaire, People Before Profit Alliance)
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How can it be acceptable when this regime is in the dock for genocide and commits crimes on a daily basis against Palestinians?

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Deputy Murphy has one minute for his two questions.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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Has the Taoiseach had any discussion about local democracy with his European counterparts, and about the fact Ireland has the lowest levels of autonomy and local democracy in all of Europe? I will give the Taoiseach a dramatic illustration of this. I have raised before with him the attempt by South Dublin County Council to massively hike rents for 20,000 families - council tenants, housing assistance payment, HAP, tenants, homeless HAP tenants and approved housing body, AHB, tenants - at an average of €1,000. It is trying to do this without a vote. It was not included in the budget. Then it tried to say it was going to be implemented from 1 July, because it is an executive function and the council can just set it. Eleven councillors signed a motion to call a special meeting to hear a section 140 motion to stop this rent increase going ahead until the previously unanimously agreed consultation would take place. Just yesterday, council management ruled that out. The motion is considered invalid and the request for a special meeting of the council is not being granted. One of the reasons the council is doing so is that it says the motion is effectively seeking to prevent the performance of a function which the chief executive is required by law to perform. The chief executive is not required to increase rents. Can the Taoiseach confirm that? Does he agree that the councillors should be allowed to meet and vote?

Ruairí Ó Murchú (Louth, Sinn Fein)
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We know the issue in relation to the Israeli genocide and continuing violence. We have seen no movement on the EU-Israel Association Agreement. Where is it now? What can be done to move that on? If we cannot move it on, we have to accept that we have to do what we can. We are all disappointed as regards the occupied territories Bill and the fact that services will not be included.

Given the Tánaiste's foray into the issue of a united Ireland, would the Taoiseach consider that now is the time for the Government to do something and move properly?

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Deputy Quaide has one minute for his two questions.

Liam Quaide (Cork East, Social Democrats)
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More than 500 Ukrainian residents in Trabolgan, east Cork, are facing eviction from the holiday village. They include 167 children and 74 pensioners. Many of those children are settled in local schools. These are people who fled war and have over time become part of the community in east Cork. Local teachers, SNAs, volunteers and community groups have worked in partnership with them to help the children settle, build trust and give the families a sense of stability after trauma. I appreciate that a temporary accommodation arrangement such as this cannot last unchanged forever, but the State has a duty of care here. Any transition for these families must be humane, carefully planned and properly communicated, not a jolting upheaval for families who have already lost so much, particularly as Ukraine has been facing increasing bombardment in recent months. What plans does the Government have for the residents in Trabolgan?

How will vulnerable groups such as older adults, disabled people, or those whose homes or towns have been destroyed or occupied by Russia be treated?

Mark Ward (Dublin Mid West, Sinn Fein)
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The European Union has proposed a new delegated Act that classifies nitrous oxide as harmful to reproductive health and this is to come into place by February 2027. In January of this year, the Government kicked down the road by nine months the Sinn Féin legislation that would have regulated nitrous oxide. What has the Government done in the past five months to tackle the misuse of nitrous oxide? What has it done to prepare for the EU delegated Act that is coming in next year?

Peadar Tóibín (Meath West, Aontú)
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It has been reported that Ireland has signed a memorandum of understanding, MOU, with the French Government around the purchase of military hardware and the training of Irish soldiers by the French army. I understand this may include the location of French soldiers and military hardware in Ireland. I understand it is to aid interoperability between the two armies. There are major concerns the MOU will limit future procurement competition and therefore push up prices, and there are also concerns as to whether this MOU seeks to provide French military cover to Ireland. We have already tied ourselves into British military cover in our skies and seas. Many in Europe see the west coast of Ireland as a weakness in military defence-----

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Thank you, Deputy. I call Deputy Ruth Coppinger.

Peadar Tóibín (Meath West, Aontú)
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-----and the location of French planes here could reduce mobilisation time for the French. Will the Taoiseach address these concerns?

Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West, Solidarity)
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The world has its first trillionaire, thanks largely to the policies of the likes of the EU and the G7. Should billionaires exist? Should a trillionaire exist? Elon Musk is now richer than 46% of the world's population, 3.8 billion people. He makes $1 million a minute. It has been estimated that $1 million could feed 5,500 for a year. It is wealth you cannot even spend. It is wealth that is not in any way used to further humanity. As we see, he is able to persuade kids in Belfast to throw rocks-----

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Thank you, Deputy. I call Deputy O'Gorman.

Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West, Solidarity)
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-----and people to hate trans people. Should such a person exist?

Roderic O'Gorman (Dublin West, Green Party)
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On Saturday, I had the privilege of joining members of the Bosnian community in Ireland, in the TU buildings in Blanchardstown, to mark the 31st anniversary of the Srebrenica genocide. We had an update from Ireland's new ambassador to Bosnia on our ongoing diplomatic relations with that country. One clear point that came out was the sense from Bosnians here and in their own country that the pathway towards EU accession is not clear. Will the Taoiseach use the EU Presidency to put a focus on Bosnian accession to the European Union?

Mairéad Farrell (Galway West, Sinn Fein)
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The conflict in Sudan is causing devastating levels of hunger and displacement. The Sudanese community here in Ireland is making the point that the conflict will continue. There is serious concern regarding violence in the Kordofan and Blue Nile states and the expected intensification of conflict in North Darfur. Day after day, people are being killed, but because it is happening on the African continent it barely raises any comment across the political establishment throughout Europe. Will the Taoiseach report on his attendance at the EU Council meeting in relation to Sudan, and will he commit to ensuring it is a priority in future meetings of the Council?

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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The first question was from Deputy Malcolm Byrne. The additional staff in the Department of foreign affairs are focused on the Presidency and that is why they were recruited. As I have said before, it will mean a very significant additional workload all round but the Government is absolutely determined to maintain its focus on the domestic agenda, both within the Dáil and in terms of policies and the implementation of them. Already, we are working on the budget and we have had a number of preliminary meetings, which is earlier than normal, because of the Presidency and we have to reorganise our schedules and so on. The Presidency simply means a heavier workload all round. We have obligations to deliver not just a strong, competent and efficient Presidency but one that leaves an impact for the better for the European Union and for our own citizens as well.

Deputy Ó Cearúil raised the issue of the EU-Israel Association Agreement. I wrote to the President of the EU Council some weeks ago asking that he would put this issue on the agenda for this week, on Thursday and Friday, in respect of the need to respond to the Israeli waging of war on Lebanon and the continued subjugation of Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank, and that Europe simply has to respond. I followed up on that issue - that the Council simply has to respond - during my meeting with Kaja Kallas, the high representative, when she visited late last week. The issue is whether we can secure a majority to support a suspension, if not of the entire agreement, at least of elements of the agreement and that is proving challenging. In my view, a vote should be held at some stage and the issue should be put to a vote, either at the Foreign Affairs Council, FAC, or at a future Council meeting.

I would make the point, and other questions were raised on this, that Europe remains the largest donor to Palestine of any entity across the world, and to Palestinians more generally. It remains the largest donor to the Palestinian Authority, by significantly more than its neighbours. Yes, there are issues in terms of the inability of Europe to develop a consensus on Israeli atrocities in Gaza but Europe has been to the forefront in providing a continued range of supports. There has been a lack of access to Gaza. It is quite extraordinary that international authorities and powers, bar the UN and others, have not been allowed into Gaza and that the international media has not been allowed into Gaza to witness the horrors that have unfolded. That is something I have been consistently pushing for.

Deputy Boyd Barrett also raised this issue and I reassert that point. There are positives to the European contribution to Palestine as well, which we should not lose sight of. For example, it is arguable that without the European Union, the Palestinian Authority would be in even greater difficulty because Israel has withheld all revenues that are legitimately owed to the Palestinian Authority, which is impairing its capacity to deliver services in the West Bank. There is a greater encroachment in the West Bank, which needs very urgent attention from the international community because it will render non-viable, if it continues, the prospect of a two-state solution.

I think we have to be careful of the words "complicit in genocide". It is a wonderful slogan to articulate but I think it is unfair.

Richard Boyd Barrett (Dún Laoghaire, People Before Profit Alliance)
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We are.

Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West, Solidarity)
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It is very clear what it means.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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Some countries support Israel but not all do. Many EU member states do not, and that number is increasing. We just need to keep working. The pressure has to be on Israel, not on Ireland and not on other governments that are doing everything they can to put the pressure on Israel.

Richard Boyd Barrett (Dún Laoghaire, People Before Profit Alliance)
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We tried.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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It is just a fair point. I have made this point repeatedly.

Richard Boyd Barrett (Dún Laoghaire, People Before Profit Alliance)
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There is no pressure on them.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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On a separate question, Deputy Murphy raised the issue of autonomy. It is kind of a paradoxical proposition he put to me, because he said we have the lowest level of local autonomy and at the same time is asking me to intervene in what councils are doing.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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I am not asking the Taoiseach to intervene.

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Deputy, we have ten others to come in.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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I am asking that councillors get a vote.

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Deputy, please co-operate with the Chair.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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There are various frameworks. We cannot have it both ways and we tend to have it both ways. We just had a debate this afternoon on derelict sites and all of that and everybody was saying it is all our fault. You cannot have it both ways and then say, in respect of this, that we should intervene and essentially take over the powers of local authority executives, or indeed councillors, for that reason.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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No, you should not. The council should.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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I do not have the specifics of it but-----

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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Did you legally direct the council to increase rents? That is what the council issaying.

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Deputy Murphy, you know you are working against the Chair.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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Did you legally direct the council to increase rents?

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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I am asking the Deputy to co-operate with the Chair.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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Did you?

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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No.

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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I am asking the Deputy to co-operate with the Chair, on behalf of your colleagues, to get an answer.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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I know you did not. That is what the council is claiming.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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No, but you want me to intervene.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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No, I do not want you to.

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Deputy Murphy.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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I will speak through the Chair.

Paul Murphy (Dublin South West, Solidarity)
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I am happy to get that clarified.

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Taoiseach, please.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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Deputy Ó Murchú also raised the EU-Israel Association Agreement and the occupied territories BiIl. Again, I did get it on the agenda of the European Council meeting this week. The Minister, Deputy McEntee, also has raised it repeatedly at FAC, and we will continue to do that.

In terms of Deputy Quaide-----

Ruairí Ó Murchú (Louth, Sinn Fein)
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What about the united Ireland question?

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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Sorry?

Ruairí Ó Murchú (Louth, Sinn Fein)
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What about the united Ireland question?

Verona Murphy (Wexford, Independent)
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Please, Taoiseach, do not invite questions.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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All right. Deputy Quaide referred to 500 Ukrainians. Have they received notice? I will talk to the Minister in respect of that. There is a significant number there and, obviously, the impacts for the children will be significant. I will revert to the Deputy.

As Deputy Quaide acknowledged in the question, there are issues in terms of commercial premises, the costs involved and the sustainability of all of that. Transition is important, particularly in terms of children attending schools. That has to be handled with care.

Deputy Ward raised the issue of nitrous oxide and the regulation of it. I will speak to the Minister. Obviously, the transposition of the EU directive is under way. We are continuously transposing EU directives. This is a significant issue and it does need regulation.

To respond to Deputy Tóibín, the Government put out a tender. We can involve a member state of the European Union in joint procurement to accelerate the procurement of needed defence capability. In this case, it was radar and sonar in particular, which are urgent. In my view, it is a significant deficiency that we do not have radar. The entire motivation, while respecting all of the laws governing procurement - and, by the way, it has taken quite a number of years to get to this point - is that we do have capacity to do this with people and to do it in a way that can accelerate the process so that we have capability.

Peadar Tóibín (Meath West, Aontú)
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It is not just radar.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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Interoperability is a long-standing principle. If we operate in places like Lebanon on peacekeeping missions, we require interoperability. Currently in Lebanon, we are with Polish troops in IRISHPOLBATT, some Hungarian troops and some Maltese who train in Ireland. Our roles, as Deputy Tóibín knows, are always peacekeeping, peace monitoring, civilian support and so on like that. I do not see any conspiracies.

Peadar Tóibín (Meath West, Aontú)
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There are other military vehicles included in the-----

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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Deputy Coppinger asked a philosophical question. She could have asked it a century ago as to whether there should be a millionaire. Of course, a lot of this trillionaire stuff is on paper. America has its system and Ireland has its system. We have a fairly progressive taxation system in Ireland where the highest paid by a long shot - the top 5% - pay nearly 50% of all income tax. I can check that but it is roughly where we are. We have a very progressive tax system here. I do believe in a progressive tax system. It is arguable that it could be too high at some levels and we do need entrepreneurship, individual innovation and to incentivise people in life as well, but we need a strong collective underpinning that in terms of our social protection system and a lot of State intervention in our society and in our economy. Ireland is not America in that respect. America has a different ethos and always had. There has always been a debate in the United States between big government versus less big government. People are entitled to have that debate in different societies and to vote accordingly. Just as they look askance at some of our practices, we look askance at some of theirs, to put it mildly.

Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West, Solidarity)
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We have billionaires as well. It is not just an American thing.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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We do not have any trillionaire.

Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West, Solidarity)
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We have billionaires. I asked whether billionaires should exist.

John McGuinness (Carlow-Kilkenny, Fianna Fail)
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Deputy Coppinger, please.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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I am not being facetious but what Deputy Coppinger is asking is whether someone should take all of the wealth at some stage. We have a different view of the creation of wealth and so on. I was at an event recently honouring Chuck Feeney. He got rid of all of his wealth in an altruistic and philanthropic approach. He made it his aim to get rid of all his wealth before he died. Ireland's universities benefited from this, as did many charities.

Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West, Solidarity)
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The Taoiseach is picking out one example.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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It is a bit more complex than we have time to discuss.

Ruth Coppinger (Dublin West, Solidarity)
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It is a yes-no answer.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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Deputy Roderic O'Gorman spoke about Bosnia-Herzegovina and its succession path to the European Union is a bit more complex than others. There are challenges within Bosnia-Herzegovina, particularly Republika Srpska in terms of how it is operating. We will work with it to try to progress the application.

Deputy Shane Moynihan spoke about competitiveness. A roadmap has been agreed between the Council, the Parliament and the Commission on the competitiveness roadmap, which gives us a lot of work to get done and the files are there. We think we can get a lot done on the savings and investment union, the establishment of the 28th regime for SMEs, the industrial accelerator Act, simplification of regulation, deepening of the Single Market and the grids package. There is a hell of lot there in the competitiveness agenda that we need to develop.

Deputy Shay Brennan spoke about the multi-annual financial framework. This will be very complex. The Cypriots have come up with a negotiating box, which is the first real concrete attempt to try to put figures on the general orientation of the budget. It is our job now to look at this and take soundings, and it will be our job to produce a negotiating box, which we will do, for the October meeting. Then the President, Antonio Costa, and ourselves will have to assess whether we can get it over the line by December. A lot of people want us to get the budget done by December but there are competing demands. People want a defence component in it because there are 5% deficits on the eastern flank, with Finland, Poland and all of these countries. There are big deficits now because of trying to defend themselves and have defence capability against Russia. Meanwhile, people want to have a stronger competitiveness fund or have a stronger Common Agricultural Policy, which we do. People want much more for less and there is great difficulty getting own resources on top of the GNI approach to providing revenue to the European Union. It is worth remembering that the budget is about 1% of European GDP. It is not a huge amount in the overall total. There is a lot of debate to happen. Some want us to borrow. The French are strong advocates of that while Germany is very clear that it does not want any more collective borrowing, as we had during Covid. It is a lot of work. We want to land this before the end of the year.

John McGuinness (Carlow-Kilkenny, Fianna Fail)
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We will now move on to the next group of questions.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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I thank the Leas-Cheann Comhairle for his latitude.

Mairéad Farrell (Galway West, Sinn Fein)
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I asked about Sudan.

Micheál Martin (Cork South-Central, Fianna Fail)
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I apologise. I have been raising Sudan consistently at European Union meetings. It is shocking and horrific and it has not got the same international attention or profile as other wars have. The level of human displacement in Sudan is quite shocking. I have called on some of the neighbouring states that are arming the different belligerents to stop because there is too much external manipulation of Sudan, too much external interference and too much provision of weaponry to the different elements on the Government side and the rebel side. The people are suffering. There is a virtual genocide happening there as well in terms of the level of killing. We need to stop wars in this world and stop conflict. The world leadership needs to get together because it is creating new norms that are robbing people of any concept of human dignity and the importance of every single life. It is awful what is happening in Sudan and I appreciate the fact that Deputy Farrell has raised it.

John McGuinness (Carlow-Kilkenny, Fianna Fail)
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As we are due to finish questions at 4:26 p.m., I ask Members to keep to 30 seconds each or so.